Acids

How acids are formed

H + Cl = HCl(g)
ionic "non-acid" hydrogen chlordie
HCl(g) + H2O(l) = H30(aq) + Cl(aq)
hydrochloric acid

Rules for naming simple acids
1. hydrogen becomes hydro
2. the last syllabe becomes "-ic"
3. acid is added at the end
ex.
H2S     =     hydrogen chlorate   =   chloric acid
HCl      =     hydrogen chloride   =   hydrochloric acid

Rules for naming complex acids
1. no more hydrogen (hydro)
2. if second element ends with "-ate" it becomes "-ic"
    if it's "-ite" it becomes "-ous"
3. acid is added at the end
ex.
HClO4     =     hydrogen chlorate     =      chloric acid
HlO          =     hydrogen hypochlorite =   hypochlorous acid
-a way to remember this is:
we ate - ic - y sushi and got appendic - ite - ous

Law of Definite Composition (Proust's Law)
The statement that is in a pure compound the elements are always combined in fixed proportions by weight/mass.

ex. H2O has 2 atoms of H and 1 atom for O for a total of 18g

Law of Multiple Proportion (Dalton's Law)

The same elements can combine in more than one proportion to form different compunds