Electronic Structure of the Atom

-the electronic figuration of an atom is a notation that describes the orbits in which the electrons occupy and the total number of electrons in each orbital
ex. Manganese's electron configuration: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁵


energy level: the amount of energy which an electron in an atom can posses (n)
quantum of energy: energy difference between 2 particular energy levels
ground state: when all the electrons of an atom are in their lowest possible energy levels
excited state: when one or more of an atom's electrons are in energy levels other than the lowest available level
orbital: the actual region of space occupied by an electron in a particular energy level
shell: the set of all orbitals having the same n-value
subshell: set of orbitals of the same type

Specific types of orbitals are possible for a given value of "n":
n=1 : s-type ONLY
n=2: s- and p-types
n=3: s-, p- and d-types
n=4: s-, p-, d- and f-types
Pauli Exclusion Principle: A maximum of 2 electrons can be placed in each orbit

S-type subshell: ONE s-orbital and 2 max # of electrons

P-type subshell: THREE p-orbitals and 6 max # of electrons
D-type subshell: FIVE d-orbitals and 10 max # of electrons
F-type subshell: SEVEN f-orbitals and 14 max # of electrons