Scientific Notation and Matter

Scientific Notation
Usually used to write extremely small or large numbers. The number is always between one and ten, and multiplied to a power of 10  Written in the form the form X * 10²

Ex: 145 = 1.45 * 10²

                  OR

      0.0145 = 1.45 * 10^-2 
***When moving to the Left    Positive Exponent
      When moving to the Right    Negative Exponent
ROUNDING: Always be sure to round ONLY at the end of the equation.
Practice:
a)Write 36400 in scientific notation
b)Write  1.5 x 10⁵  in decimal notation
c)Write 0.0000000000523 in scientific notation
d)Write 2.3 x 10^-3 in decimal (normal) notation
Answers:
a) 3.64 * 10⁴

b) 150000

c) 5.23 * 10^-11

d) 0.0023

Adding and Subtracting

When adding or subtracting Scientific Notation, change the number to decimal notation, and then add, and then return number to Scientific Notation.

Ex: (2 * 10^3) + (16 * 10^3) = 2000 + 16000 = 18000 = 1.8 * 10^3

Practice:

a) (6 * 10^5) + (3 * 10^5)

b)7.3 * 10^2) - (6 * 10^2)

Answers:

a)600000 + 300000 = 900000 = 9 * 10^5

b) 7300 - 6000 = 1300 = 1.9 * 10^2

Multiplying and Dividing
When multiplying or dividing, add or divide the two numbers, and if multiplying, add the powers of ten. If dividing, subtract the powers of 10.
Ex: (2 * 10^3) (4 * 10^7) = 2*4 = 8,  3+7 = 10 = 8 * 10^10
Practice:
a) (3 * 10^6) (3 * 10^5)
b) (8 * 10^6) / (2 * 10^4)
Answers
a) 3 * 3 = 9, 6+5 = 11   9 * 10^11
b)8/2 = 4. 6-4 = 2  4*10^2

Scientific Notation Review.

Two Step Conversions

For review of how to do basic conversions!

Two Step Conversions
Theses are harder conversions so stop at the base unit (meter, second, gram etc.) first.

1. ex: convert 700nm into hectometers.
Map out the route (remembering the chart of prefixes)
nanometers --> meters --> hectometers
nano= 10^ -9
meters=base unit
hecto= 10^ 2

2:    700nm x     1m     x    1hm   = 7 x 10^ -9 hm
          1           109 nm      100m

Derived Quantity
     - a derived quantity is when there is more then one unit (ex. km/hr)
ex: Convert the rate 21m/min into km/hr
      (two separate unit conversions)

meters --> kilometers x hours --> minutes
Kilo= 10^ 3
1 hour=60 min.


21m x   1km   x  60min  = 1.26km/hr
    1       1000m      1hr

Safety and Lab Equipement

Chemical Storage
All chemicals are stored under different colors to help identify their types

• ■ A Red Tag is a Flammable Chemical
• ■ A White Tag is a Corrosive Chemical
• ■ A Blue Tag is a Health Hazard
• ■ A Grey Tag is a Moderate or Minimal Hazard
• ■ A Yellow Tag is a Reactive and Oxidizing Chemical

Safety Equipment
Always be sure you know the location of all of the safety equipment in your lab.

Lab Safety Items location on Prezi

(Click play once, and then use the forward and back arrows at the bottom of the screen to navigate.)

Some Basic Laboratory Equipment

Quiz
Think you have all the basics mastered? Try this simple quiz, and see how you do.
Chemistry Equipment Quiz

Quantities and Unit Conversions

Quantities
     All measurements in Science come in 2 parts, in number and unit. The unit combinations and the numbers are called quantities. The SI (Systeme Internatinale) is used to show the conversions by using powers of 10.

SI Base Units

SI Unit Conversions

Conversions
Example: 

Convert 2 metres to centimeters?

Conversion Exercise
1) Convert 1 kilogram to grams
2) Convert 2.5kg to grams
3) Convert 5 milligrams to grams
4) Convert 25 µg to kilograms




For more practice on the prefixes: try this quiz!
http://chemistry.about.com/od/testsquizzes/l/blmetricunitquiz.htm

WHMIS and Lab Safety

WHMIS is an information system designed to inform students, workers and employers of hazards in the workplace and school.  All controlled products at school or workplace have to have a WHMIS label.  The label is to inform worker of the hazards of chemicals and how to handle them properly.

Compressed Gas  

 Having heat near this container or dropping it could cause

            it to explode.    

Poisonous and infectious materials division 1

= immediately dangerous to life and health, can kill you fast.  

Avoid contact with the skin or eyes and use proper protective clothing.

Avoid inhaling by using in well-ventilated areas and/or wearing respiratory equipment.

Materials causing other toxic effects

poisonous not immediately dangerous (causes serious damage from repeated exposure) avoid skin and eye contact by wearing protective equipment for eyes, face, and hands

avoid inhaling by working in well-ventilated

 area and/or respiratory equipment

Biohazardous infectious materials.

These are any organisms and their toxins that are believed to cause disease

Same as above when forced to deal with it

Flammable and Combustible Materials

material is a fire hazard.  Sparks, flame or friction could ignite it

Division 1: Flammable gases

Division 2: Flammable liquids

Oxidizing materials

material is a fire or explosion risk near flammable materials

it may or may not burn it self out, creates oxygen

don't smoke near these materials.

wear eye, face, and hand protection (and protective clothing)

Dangerously Reactive

products  under go dangerous reactions when subjected to

heat, pressure, shock or allowed to contact water.  

Corrosive material

materials can eat through skin or corrode metals

this class also includes corrosive gases

WHMIS GAME

International Safety symbols: Octagon=DANGER

                                            Diamond=WARNING

                           pside down triangle=CAUTION

In Class Lab Safety
remember to always read ahead and prepare for the lab

First Aid!!

Burns: Run cold water over burn. Get teacher.

Cuts and bruises: direct pressure to wound.  Cover with clean dressing. Inform teacher

Fainting: Keep person lying down. Loosen tight clothing. Inform teacher.

Chemicals in eyes: Flush with running water for 15 minutes. Inform teacher

Chemicals on skin: Remove contaminated clothing.  Flush with running water for 15 minutes. Inform teacher.

How many things wrong can you find?